How to Read a School Budget: What to Look for if You Have a Child with an IEP

School budgets can feel overwhelming, filled with complex language and numbers. But if you’re a parent of a child with an IEP, understanding your district’s budget is crucial. Budget decisions impact staffing, services, materials — even the availability of programs your child relies on.

Here’s a simple guide to help you focus on what matters most:

1. Look at Special Education Allocations

Every district should have a clear line item showing how much money is dedicated to special education services. This funding covers:

·  Teachers

·  Paraprofessionals (aides)

·  Therapists (speech, OT, PT)

·  Specialized transportation

·  Assistive technology

If the special education line is shrinking — or stagnant while overall costs are rising — that’s a red flag.

2. Watch for Staff Cuts or Hiring Freezes

Budgets often show staffing plans. Look for any mention of:

·  Reduced positions

·  Hiring freezes

·  Combining roles (for example, one person doing two jobs)

Fewer staff usually means larger caseloads and less individualized attention for students with disabilities.

3. Check Federal and State Grant Funding

Special education is often supported by grants (like IDEA Part B funds). Districts sometimes rely heavily on these grants. Look for:

·  How much grant funding is being used

·  Whether the district is planning for what happens if grants shrink

If grants disappear or decrease, but the district has no backup plan, services could be at risk.

4. Look at Support Services Beyond the Classroom

Programs like:

·  Counseling

·  Behavioral support

·  Transition services (job training, life skills for older students)

are often tucked into “student support services” budgets. Cuts here can impact students with emotional, behavioral, or transitional needs.

5. Pay Attention to Technology Budgets

Assistive technology tools (speech devices, adapted computers) come out of the tech budget or special education budget. If funding for technology is low or eliminated, students who rely on these tools could lose access.

Bonus Tip: Ask Questions!

If something doesn’t make sense — ask. Public school budgets are public documents, and parents have the right to transparency. You can request explanations from your district’s special education director, business office, or even ask during public comment at school board meetings.

The more informed you are, the stronger you are as a partner in your child’s education.